In 2021, Japan faces some of the biggest social, political, and economic changes of a lifetime. Many experts have indicated their concern about ambiguous components of the law that could be abused. 2 In May 2020, many celebrities voiced their opposition to a draft bill that would allow the government to delay the retirement of senior prosecutors, arguing that the bill undermined the constitutional separation of powers.3 Former President Donald Trump late last year signed a law that requires US-listed companies to be held to American auditing standards and establish they are not owned or controlled by a foreign. In 2016, the IHC began providing reports to Safe-line, a website maintained by the SIA.17 The law obliges agents to notify targets of wiretaps after investigations are concluded and inform the Diet about the number they implement annually. No ordinance was proposed or passed at the end of the coverage period. Such posts have attacked critics of the LDP government and have at times initiated negative campaigns against opposition lawmakers.1 Do restrictions on the internet and digital content lack transparency, proportionality to the stated aims, or an independent appeals process? he age of consent in Japan is 13 years old because it is based on the Napoleonic Code, which was introduced to Japan in the late 19th century. Infrastructure was also severely damaged in 2011, when an earthquake and tsunami hit Japans east coast, triggering the destruction of a nuclear power plant in Fukushima. Edit: is it true CERO does not need to look at PC games? The Hungarian winner of the MTV EMA Generation Change Award says an anti-LGBTQ law passed in June is enticing 'fear and censorship.' Hungarian MTV Award Winner on Life Under Country's LGBTQ Law . Every country has, at one time or another, been guilty of grievous acts of censorship. In addition, some online news outlets struggle to sustain themselves financially. In March 2020, Japanese central bank Sumitomo Mitsui abolished the official dress code,5 In the future, says one pundit, that will change. the change was expected to allow tourists who were supposed to visit Japan during the 2020 Summer Olympics to more easily access mobile services.10. The 2014 state secrets law, which covers national security issues, may make surveillance abuses harder to document (see C1 and C2). While Article 21 of the Constitution of Japan guarantees freedom of expression and prohibits formal censorship, effective censorship of obscene content does exist and is justified by the Article 175 of the Criminal Code of Japan.Historically, the law has been interpreted in different waysrecently it has been . Amendments passed by the Diet in 2015 defined personal information in more specific terms as biometric information and numeric data that is capable of identifying a specific individual.5 and the online organization of large demonstrations and protests against nuclear energy. competitors and others criticized the acquisition, saying it was contrary to the intent of the 1999 NTT Law. Three men and three women, who acted as instructors and executors alongside Hoshino, were also convicted of violating the Copyright Act.1 Although that years guidelines from the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC) garnered criticism, they helped address concerns that the cost of switching providers favored dominant players and created a barrier for new market entrants.8 Some tabloid newspapers and online news outlets have reportedly harassed journalists who disagreed with the government more broadly.4, Women also continue to face targeted online harassment. Asymmetric regulation, which creates stricter rules for providers with a higher market share, has helped diversify the industry.6, Beginning in 2014, the government required mobile service providers to unlock SIM cards at user request; this has made it easier for users to switch providers and use third-party prepaid SIM cards.7 In February 2020, data communication was unavailable for a few hours for mobile virtual network operator (MVNO) Mineo customers.9 Mobile service operators are expanding the market for handsets designed for children and the elderly, with easy-to-use, large button designs. In 2017, the Japanese Supreme Court ruled in favor of Google and established criteria for delisting search results that same year.10 An earlier Intercept report from 2017 analyzed leaked documents that suggested Japanese police and intelligence agencies were involved in in regional surveillance operations managed by the US National Security Agency (NSA). It is a point of pride in the US that freedom of speech is written into the Constitution. Connectivity for households in the heavily populated Kant region, which includes Tokyo, costs nearly 1,300 ($12.49) more per month than in the least expensive regions, Tohokuin the northeast.3 YouTube, Twitter, Facebook, and international blog-hosting services are freely available, as are popular local platforms like Niconico, the video-sharing site, and LINE, a chat application that was launched in Japan in 2011. The PS4 launched in 2013, but Japan's release came afterward. A new player, e-commerce company Rakuten, which seeks to become Japans fourth major mobile service provider, launched its mobile service in April 2020.2. Following the governments effort to block manga piracy sites in early 2018, observers expressed concern that the move conflicted with the Telecommunications Business Act and the constitutional ban on censorship.2 Abe was . Censorship in Japan has taken many forms throughout the history of the country. The new Hong Kong national security law, the basis for Britain's admonition to Browder, provides for the indictment of anyone, anywhere, for speech seen as inimical to Chinese security interests. Shortly after NTT announced that it would comply with the governments request, a customer sued the company on the grounds that the blocking violated privacy guarantees.3, In the wake of the blocking attempts, the government indicated that it would introduce new legislation to expand its authority to formally order blocking, which current legislation allows only for sites found to host child sexual abuse images.4 There are periodic reports of arrests under the copyright law, which carries possible prison terms for both uploading and downloading content without the permission of the copyright owner (see C2). Donald Trump's claim that his anti-BDS order "targets antisemitism" was presented as fact in the New York Times headline ( 12/10/19 . The move raised serious concerns over whether blocking was constitutionally allowed, and the government later indicated that it would introduce legislation to broaden its blocking authority (see B3). In a survey by the Japan Medical Association, there were 700 incidents between October and December 2020 where medical staff treating COVID-19 patients were subject to online harassment.1 Between July and December 2020, Facebook restricted access to one piece of content in response to an order from Brazils Supreme Court related to pages that supported Brazilian President Bolsanaro.5 Following her death, the Minister of Internal Affairs and Communications announced her intention to amend the Provider Liability Limitation Law (see C4).5 Wi-Fi access has been tied to mobile subscriptions in the past, which presents a barrier for users without contracts.7, Connectivity is occasionally restricted accidentally or due to network congestion and server outages. Political rights and civil liberties are generally well respected. Historically, Japans internet connections were forged through cooperation among government agencies (including then government-owned NTT), universities, and national research institutions.2. Are there laws that assign criminal penalties or civil liability for online activities, particularly those that are protected under international human rights standards? During the previous coverage period, Ishikawa Yumi, the woman who launched the #KuToo campaign, reported facing online harassment over her work, frequently from men (see B8).6, Physical violence in relation to online activities is rare. During the same period, Twitter received 16,648 requests for content removal.6 Chinese groups BlackTech and Tick were reportedly behind the breaches.7 The provider notifies the individual who posted the content and fulfills the request with the posters permissionor without it if the individual fails to respond. Digital activism in Japan has been highly effective at both the local and the national level, and online mobilization tools are freely available. Some companies offer free Wi-Fi, including the private company Wire and Wireless (Wi2), part of the KDDI group, which provides free internet access in restaurants, coffee shops, and train stations; registration requires an email address.6 Published Dec 29, 2021 Negima!? Does the government place restrictions on anonymous communication or encryption? No third party can do so. While these provisions were contested, and revisions are still planned,9 In February 2019, civil society groups and ordinary users issued a joint statement asking the MIC to suspend the program,5 The amendments are set to come into effect in 2022.1, In May 2021, the government launched an investigation into the data management polices of LINE, a messaging application with servers based in Japan, after a report revealed that Chinese engineers had accessed LINEs data without the companys knowledge. Acknowledging that "one might think this is simply conjecture by the ACE Economic Research Center," Yasuda then cited five specific Western-oriented changes he believed were instrumental in contributing to the brand's slow march towards self-destruction: 1. the use of Googles Person Finder web application to facilitate rescue and recovery,2 With the space for such advocacy under threat in many . (Kotaku also says that Japanese porn is painstakingly censored by hand, earning the highly skilled laborers $15 per hour.) However, several cases of online harassment were documented during the coverage period. The court indicated that points such as the content of the search results, the scope of disclosure, the social status of the persons involved, the social situation, and the necessity of disclosing facts were critical in deciding whether search engine results should be removed.13 Service providers and other technology companies can be required to aid the government in monitoring the communications of their users. Does the government exercise technical or legal control over internet infrastructure for the purposes of restricting connectivity? 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